Prediction uncertainty of conceptual rainfall- runoff models caused by problems in identifying model parameters and structure
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چکیده
The uncertainties arising from the problem of identifying a representative model structure and model parameters in a conceptual rainfall-runoff model were investigated. A conceptual model, the HBV model, was applied to the mountainous Brugga basin (39.9 km") in the Black Forest, southwestern Germany. In a first step, a Monte Carlo procedure with randomly generated parameter sets was used for calibration. For a ten-year calibration period, different parameter sets resulted in an equally good correspondence between observed and simulated runoff. A few parameters were well defined (i.e. best parameter values were within small ranges), but for most parameters good simulations were found with values varying over wide ranges. In a second step, model variants with different numbers of elevation and landuse zones and various runoff generation conceptualizations were tested. In some cases, representation of more spatial variability gave better simulations in terms of discharge. However, good results could be obtained with different and even unrealistic concepts. The computation of design floods and low flow predictions illustrated that the parameter uncertainty and the uncertainty of identifying a unique best model variant have implications for model predictions. The flow predictions varied considerably. The peak discharge of a flood with a probability of 0.01 year', for instance, varied from 40 to almost 60 mm day". It was concluded that model predictions, particularly in applied studies, should be given as ranges rather than as single values. Incertitude de prévision d'un modèle conceptuel pluie-débit due à l'identification des paramètres et de la structure du modèle Résumé Cet article étudie les incertitudes dues à l'identification d'une structure représentative et à la détermination des paramètres d'un modèle conceptuel pluiedébit. Le modèle conceptuel HBV a été appliqué au bassin versant montagneux de la Brugga (39.9 km), situé au sud-ouest de l'Allemagne, dans la Forêt Noire. Dans un premier temps, une procédure de Monte Carlo avec un jeu de paramètres générés aléatoirement a été appliquée pour le calage. Pour une période de calage de dix ans, plusieurs jeux de paramètres ont fourni une bonne correspondance entre les débits observés et simulés. Seuls quelques paramètres se sont révélés bien définis, c'est-àdire qu'ils prennent des valeurs dont la marge de variation est faible. Pour la plupart des autres paramètres, de bonnes simulations ont également été obtenues avec des valeurs très variables. Dans un second temps, des variantes de modèle ont été testées en faisant varier le nombre des zones d'altitude et d'occupation du sol ou la Open for discussion until I April 2000 780 Stefan Uhlenbrook et al, conceptualisation des mécanismes de génération des crues. Dans certains cas, une plus grande variabilité spatiale fournit de meilleures simulations en termes de débit. Il faut noter toutefois que de bons résultats peuvent être obtenus avec différentes conceptualisations, certaines d'entre elles pouvant même être irréalistes. La prévision des débits de crues et d'étiage a illustré le fait que l'incertitude attachée aux paramètres et celle due au choix d'une structure de modèle particulière ont des implications pour les prévisions des modèles. La prévision des débits a montré des variations considérables. Le débit de pointe d'une crue de probabilité d'apparition égale à 0.01 année" peut par exemple aller de 40 mm jour" jusqu'à presque 60 mm jour". En conclusion, il semble bien que les prévisions des modèles, et plus particulièrement celles réalisées dans des études appliquées, devraient être fournies accompagnées d'intervalles de confiance.
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تاریخ انتشار 1999